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Benzodiazepines continue to be prescribed widely in the management of patients with insomnia or anxiety disorders, despite the availability and acceptability of alternative pharmacological and psychological treatments. Many patients will experience adverse effects during treatment and considerable distress when the dosage is reduced and stopped. Management of benzodiazepine withdrawal includes measures...
Background
In the early 2000s, alcohol use among young people began to decline in many western countries, especially among adolescents (ages between 12–17 years old). These declines have continued steadily over the past two decades, against the backdrop of much smaller declines among the general population.
Argument
Hypotheses examining individual factors fail adequately to provide the necessary...
Background and Aims
There is significant debate about whether or not changes in per‐capita alcohol consumption occur collectively across the entire distribution of drinking. This study used data from a decade of declining drinking in Australia to test the collectivity of drinking trends.
Design
Repeated cross‐sectional surveys (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019), analysed with quantile regression techniques...
Background and Aims
The individual‐level effectiveness of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in reducing mortality is well established, but there is less evidence on population‐level benefits. We use modeling informed with linked data from the OAT program in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to estimate the impact of OAT provision in the community and prisons on mortality and the impact of eliminating...
Background and aim
Effective policies to reduce drug‐related overdoses remain a public health priority. We aimed to estimate the causal effects of a national opioid agonist treatment (OAT) program on population level drug fatalities.
Design
Population‐based prospective cohort study exploiting supply driven variation in treatment uptake across cohort‐age groups generated by the introduction and...
Background and aims
Studies have indicated that maternal prenatal substance use may be associated with offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via intrauterine effects. We measured associations between prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption with childhood ADHD symptoms accounting for shared familial factors.
Design
First, we used a negative control design comparing...
Aims
To test whether the Stop‐tabac smartphone application (app) increased smoking cessation rates.
Design
A two‐arm, parallel‐group, individually randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial.
Setting and Participants
A total of 5293 daily smokers (Stop‐tabac = 2639, control = 2654) enrolled on app stores and on the internet in 2019–20, who lived in France or Switzerland.
Intervention and comparator...
Background and Aims
Black drinkers compared with White drinkers experience more alcohol‐related problems. Examination of social determinants of inequities in alcohol problems is needed. The current study measured (1) associations between acute stress and alcohol craving in the naturalistic environment for self‐identified Black and White individuals who drink alcohol and (2) whether a history of attention...
Background and Aims
There is concern that young people may be attracted to e‐liquid flavours, prompting long‐term vaping in naive users and potentially subsequent tobacco smoking. We aimed to review the use of e‐liquid flavours by young people and describe associations with uptake or cessation of both regular vaping and tobacco smoking, adverse effects and subjective experiences.
Design
Systematic...
Background and Aims
Multiple interventions and policy changes related to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) have been introduced in British Columbia, Canada to increase engagement and retention in OAT. We aimed to estimate the impact of policy changes and the announcement of the opioid overdose‐related public health emergency on the use of OAT for incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder.
...
Aims
To understand dual users’ cigarette and e‐cigarette use patterns, including the contexts in which they vape versus smoke and to understand how environmental and internal contexts and smoking patterns differ between dual users and exclusive smokers.
Design
Longitudinal observational trial.
Setting
Research center in Wisconsin, USA.
Participants
Adult dual users (n = 162) and adults who...
Background and aims
Adolescent drinking in Australia (and many other countries) has declined substantially since the early 2000s. This study aimed to test whether these declines have been maintained into adulthood and whether they are consistent across sub‐groups defined by sex and socio‐economic status.
Design
Quasi‐cohorts were constructed from seven repeated waves of cross‐sectional household...
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